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EduDebiaffinage
Page history last edited by G. Casse 4 yrs ago
FichesEdu
EDU - DEBIAffiNage
| Mémo Post-Installation Debian |
TABLE DES MATIERES
INTRO
- Au départ, ce document est personnel. Je sous-entends par là qu'il a trait à ma configuration hardware perso, et ne peut être considéré comme "standard".
- J'ai toutefois publié cette fiche edu parce que, tout en adorant Debian GNU/Linux, je sais qu'à chaque installation il s'en suit une série de tâches de configuration qu'il faut impérativement effectuer, peu importe le matériel sur lequel on installe Debian.
- Aussi, ce mémo pourra servir à d'autres... à vous qui le lisez par exemple!
- Globalement, cela est plutôt abordable, du moins si l'on sait ce en quoi consistent les diverses tâches. Cette fiche vous servira de guide, adaptez l'information selon vos propres besoins(/votre propre hardware).
- Il faut aussi considérer qu'il y a une grande différence entre l'installation graphique et une installation sans X. C'est le second cas de figure que cette fiche edu vise.
- Une dernière chose, cette fiche se base sur la distribution stable Woody; j'ai implémenté les infos ici et là pour que cette fiche puisse également servir après l'installation de la Debian Sarge.
- Plus que jamais, cette fiche est vouée à être régulièrement revisitée, relue et éventuellement corrigée; n'hésitez pas à contribuer !
Bonne lecture!
CONFIG DE BASE
Après avoir installé Debian Woody ou Mini-Woody, lors du redémarrage du système (par ex. via ma bootdisk), en même temps que le script base-config qui tourne, voici les quelques tâches indispensables que j'effectuerais pour être opérationnel le plus rapidement possible :
clavier
1. D'abord ouvrir avec alt+f2 une console, en entrant root 'enter'
Le prompt "hostname:~#" apparaît,
je fais un
loadkeys "clavier", par ex.: loadkeys be-latin1 'enter'
puis, si effectivement cela fonctionne et que j'ai bien obtenu le bon
clavier, je fais un
install-keymap be-latin1 'enter'
pour sauver cette config pour plus tard.
points de mo(u)ntage
2. Dès ce moment, je me sens plus à l'aise pour créer les "points de
mountage" de mes unités: je vais dans /mnt par la commande
cd /mnt 'enter'
et je crée par ex. cdrom ou floppy ou dos_c et dos_d ou encore lin
etc... par la commande
mkdir "nom_du_répertoire" 'enter'
Mon répertoire /mnt ressemble maintenant à ceci lorsque je fais un
ls -mpF /mnt 'enter':
cdrecorder/, cdrom/, dos_c/, dos_d/, dvd/, floppy/, lin/, lin0/, lin1/,
lin2/, loop/, loop0/, loop1/, loop2/, writer/, zip/
IMPORTANT: dans Sarge (kernel 2.6) les médias tels cd, dvd, digicam,
stick usb, etc, sont plutôt montés sous /media, ce qui ne vous empêche
pas de préférer /mnt/... ou /cdrom, /floppy, etc...
A vous de voir et d'adapter /etc/fstab suivant vos préférences.
base-config: accents, daemon SSH, compte utilisateur
3. Pendant la base-config, je veille à ce que les locales soient
au moins mises en en_US afin d'obtenir des accents circonflexes et
autres au plus vite. Attention, il se peut que je doive à nouveau
reconfigurer les locales plus tard, pour ce faire j'utiliserai alors la
commande
dpkg-reconfigure locales 'enter'
Egalement pendant la base-config, je veille à ce que le daemon SSH tourne,
pourqu'un ami (ou moi-même) puisse éventuellement se loguer à distance sur
ma machine;
et je n'ai bien sûr pas oublié de me créer un compte, en même temps
que je donnais un mot de passe à root.
(Pour créer plus tard d'autres comptes, j'utilise
adduser 'enter'
et je suis simplement les instructions).
Je prends aussi dès à présent la bonne habitude de faire une copie de
sauvegarde des fichiers de configuration, par ex. par la commande
cp -p fichier fichier.orig
(ainsi je saurai plus tard que les fichiers .orig étaient ceux livrés Ã
l'origine avec la distribution, ou créés en cours de route pendant la
base-config ou la debconf).
après exim
4. Après la config d'Exim, je n'oublie pas d'aller dans /etc et
d'éditer le fichier email-addresses en y ajoutant:
"user: user@isp.mm", par exemple:
aldo: aldo@monisp.be
Notez qu'Exim peut aisément être remplacé par un autre MTA, tel le réputé Postfix; consultez la fiche Postfix ( EduPostfix ) pour en savoir plus...
modules
5. J'édite également le fichier /etc/modules, en y ajoutant:
dtlk (pour ma DoubleTalk-PC, synthèse vocale hardware)
emu10k1 (pour ma SB Live si ce n'est pas déjà chargé, voir lsmod)
aic7xxx (pour mon Iomega Zip100 SCSI), ainsi que
sg
ide-scsi
(dans cet ordre-là , pour émuler le SCSI, chose indispensable pour la
gravure de CDR/CDRW sous kernel 2.4), et j'ajoute enfin
8139too (pour ma carte réseau Realtek).
IMPORTANT: l'émulation SCSI n'est plus du tout nécessaire si l'on
utilise un kernel 2.6; si vous décidez de ne plus l'utiliser,
n'oubliez pas de modifier les fichiers de configuration concernés.
6. Cette dernière me rappelle d'ailleurs que je dois vérifier si le fichier
/etc/network/interfaces est correctement configuré pour le DHCP ou pour une
adresse IP fixe (static IP).
Cela pourrait ressembler à ceci :
# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(8), ifdown(8)
# The loopback interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The first network card - this entry was created during the Debian installation
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
Consultez la fiche edu Netinterface ( EduNetinterface ) pour en savoir plus...
extras utiles: aptitude, joe
7. Avant de passer aux choses plus corsées, pour ma facilité,
j'installe Aptitude (pour pouvoir ensuite rapatrier mon éditeur
préféré, JOE, ainsi que la longue liste d'applications que je souhaite
installer).
Je n'oublie pas d'éditer /etc/joe/joerc pour que les accents soient pris en
compte et s'affichent correctement.
Lisez la fiche edu Joe ( EduJoe ) pour en savoir plus sur ce mini-éditeur simple et puissant.
fstab
8. Il est temps de passer au fichier /etc/fstab
Après l'avoir édité, il ressemblerait par ex. à ceci:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/dev/hdd1 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/hdd2 none swap sw 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
#/dev/fd0 /floppy auto user,noauto 0 0
/dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto user,noauto 0 0
#/dev/scd0 /cdrom iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0
/dev/scd0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0
/dev/hdd6 /home ext2 defaults 0 2
/dev/hda4 /mnt/lin ext2 defaults,noauto 0 2
/dev/hda1 /mnt/dos_c vfat defaults,noauto 0 2
/dev/hda5 /mnt/dos_d vfat defaults,noauto 0 2
/dev/sda4 /mnt/zip vfat defaults,noauto 0 2
.....
Le /dev/scd0 (qui remplace /dev/cdrom) se justifie ici par la présence d'un
seul appareil (CDRW), utilisé à la fois pour lire des CDs ainsi que pour en
graver.
Pour une config lecteur+graveur, j'aurai dû utiliser scd0 et scd1, ou sr0 et
sr1 (cf. fichier /var/log/dmesg).
Dans mon cas, j'ai même fait un:
cd /dev 'enter'
ln -s /dev/scd0 cdrom 'enter'
Cela peut servir puisque beaucoup de programmes (et scripts) cherchent le
device /dev/cdrom, /dev/cdrecorder ou encore /dev/dvd
fichiers .fetchmailrc
9. Il faut aussi éditer un ou plusieurs fichiers /root/.fetchmailrc-xxx
puis installer Fetchmail, si l'on veut pouvoir rapatrier des mails
"system-wide" et les faire redistribuer par Exim.
Exemple d'un fichier .fetchmailrc ou .fetchmailrc-isp:
poll pop.wabadoo.nl with protocol POP3
# user ald1235 there has password fffffffh is aldo here and wants keep;
user ald1235 there has password fffffffh is aldo here;
(l'option "wants keep" sert à garder une copie des mails rapatriés sur le
serveur).
Si je ne veux pas passer par une config de Fetchmail, et utiliser un script
personalisé, je dois alors:
cd /etc/rc2.d/ 'enter'
mv S99fetchmail s99fetchmail 'enter'
puis créer le script que je lance pour rapatrier mes mails quand je le
souhaite.
Pour info, un modèle est disponible à l'adresse: http://brlspeak.net/blinux/ponmenu_fetchmenu.tar.gz
son
10. Pour le son, pour la facilité, mettre les devices dsp, mixer, audio et
sequencer en mode 666:
cd /dev 'enter'
chmod 666 dsp 'enter'
chmod 666 mixer 'enter'
chmod 666 audio 'enter'
...
ou suivre de bien meilleurs conseils comme indiqué dans l'edu Sound ( EduSound ).
scripts utiles
11. Maintenant, je peux éditer ou rapatrier mes scripts préférés pour les
mettre dans /usr/local/bin
Voulez-vous vous faciliter la vie ? jetez alors un oeil sur les scripts disponibles à l'adresse: http://brlspeak.net/blinux/
Remarque:
si vous avez réinstallé une Debian sur une nouvelle partition,
pour ce qui est de votre boîte mail, n'oubliez pas de faire un
cp -p /mnt/lin/var/spool/mail/mmm /var/spool/mail/mmm 'enter'
si vous souhaitez récupérer vos anciens E-mail; si parcontre vous
êtes novice et partez de rien, ceci ne vous concerne pas.
exemple de fichier .lynxrc
12. Tant en user qu'en root, j'édite (ou je rapatrie) le fichier
.lynxrc pour que Lynx soit directement beaucoup plus blind friendly.
Il peut ressembler à ceci:
# Lynx User Defaults File
# This file contains options saved from the Lynx Options Screen (normally
# with the '>' key). There is normally no need to edit this file manually,
# since the defaults here can be controlled from the Options Screen, and the
# next time options are saved from the Options Screen this file will be
# completely rewritten. You have been warned...
# If you are looking for the general configuration file - it is normally
# called lynx.cfg, and it has different content and a different format.
# It is not this file.
# accept_all_cookies allows the user to tell Lynx to automatically
# accept all cookies if desired. The default is "FALSE" which will
# prompt for each cookie. Set accept_all_cookies to "TRUE" to accept
# all cookies.
accept_all_cookies=off
# bookmark_file specifies the name and location of the default bookmark
# file into which the user can paste links for easy access at a later
# date.
bookmark_file=lynx_bookmarks.html
# If case_sensitive_searching is "on" then when the user invokes a search
# using the 's' or '/' keys, the search performed will be case sensitive
# instead of case INsensitive. The default is usually "off".
case_sensitive_searching=off
# The character_set definition controls the representation of 8 bit
# characters for your terminal. If 8 bit characters do not show up
# correctly on your screen you may try changing to a different 8 bit
# set or using the 7 bit character approximations.
# Current valid characters sets are:
# Western (ISO-8859-1)
# 7 bit approximations (US-ASCII)
# Western (ISO-8859-15)
# Western (cp850)
# Western (windows-1252)
# IBM PC US codepage (cp437)
# DEC Multinational
# Macintosh (8 bit)
# NeXT character set
# HP Roman8
# Chinese
# Japanese (EUC-JP)
# Japanese (Shift_JIS)
# Korean
# Taipei (Big5)
# Vietnamese (VISCII)
# Transparent
# Eastern European (ISO-8859-2)
# Eastern European (cp852)
# Eastern European (windows-1250)
# Latin 3 (ISO-8859-3)
# Latin 4 (ISO-8859-4)
# Baltic Rim (cp775)
# Baltic Rim (windows-1257)
# Cyrillic (ISO-8859-5)
# Cyrillic (cp866)
# Cyrillic (windows-1251)
# Cyrillic (KOI8-R)
# Arabic (ISO-8859-6)
# Arabic (cp864)
# Arabic (windows-1256)
# Greek (ISO-8859-7)
# Greek (cp737)
# Greek2 (cp869)
# Greek (windows-1253)
# Hebrew (ISO-8859-8)
# Hebrew (cp862)
# Hebrew (windows-1255)
# Turkish (ISO-8859-9)
# ISO-8859-10
# UNICODE (UTF-8)
# RFC 1345 w/o Intro
# RFC 1345 Mnemonic
# Ukrainian Cyrillic (cp866u)
# Ukrainian Cyrillic (KOI8-U)
character_set=Western (ISO-8859-1)
# cookie_accept_domains and cookie_reject_domains are comma-delimited
# lists of domains from which Lynx should automatically accept or reject
# all cookies. If a domain is specified in both options, rejection will
# take precedence. The accept_all_cookies parameter will override any
# settings made here.
cookie_accept_domains=
# cookie_file specifies the file from which to read persistent cookies.
# The default is ~/.lynx_cookies.
cookie_file=/home/$user/.lynx_cookies
# cookie_loose_invalid_domains, cookie_strict_invalid_domains, and
# cookie_query_invalid_domains are comma-delimited lists of which domains
# should be subjected to varying degrees of validity checking. If a
# domain is set to strict checking, strict conformance to RFC2109 will
# be applied. A domain with loose checking will be allowed to set cookies
# with an invalid path or domain attribute. All domains will default to
# querying the user for an invalid path or domain.
cookie_loose_invalid_domains=
cookie_query_invalid_domains=
cookie_reject_domains=
cookie_strict_invalid_domains=
# dir_list_styles specifies the directory list style under DIRED_SUPPORT
# (if implemented). The default is "MIXED_STYLE", which sorts both
# files and directories together. "FILES_FIRST" lists files first and
# "DIRECTORIES_FIRST" lists directories first.
dir_list_style=MIXED_STYLE
# If emacs_keys is to "on" then the normal EMACS movement keys:
# ^N = down ^P = up
# ^B = left ^F = right
# will be enabled.
emacs_keys=off
# file_editor specifies the editor to be invoked when editing local files
# or sending mail. If no editor is specified, then file editing is disabled
# unless it is activated from the command line, and the built-in line editor
# will be used for sending mail.
file_editor=nano
# The file_sorting_method specifies which value to sort on when viewing
# file lists such as FTP directories. The options are:
# BY_FILENAME -- sorts on the name of the file
# BY_TYPE -- sorts on the type of the file
# BY_SIZE -- sorts on the size of the file
# BY_DATE -- sorts on the date of the file
file_sorting_method=BY_FILENAME
# If keypad_mode is set to "NUMBERS_AS_ARROWS", then the numbers on
# your keypad when the numlock is on will act as arrow keys:
# 8 = Up Arrow
# 4 = Left Arrow 6 = Right Arrow
# 2 = Down Arrow
# and the corresponding keyboard numbers will act as arrow keys,
# regardless of whether numlock is on.
# If keypad_mode is set to "LINKS_ARE_NUMBERED", then numbers will
# appear next to each link and numbers are used to select links.
# If keypad_mode is set to "LINKS_AND_FORM_FIELDS_ARE_NUMBERED", then
# numbers will appear next to each link and visible form input field.
# Numbers are used to select links, or to move the "current link" to a
# form input field or button. In addition, options in popup menus are
# indexed so that the user may type an option number to select an option in
# a popup menu, even if the option isn't visible on the screen. Reference
# lists and output from the list command also enumerate form inputs.
# NOTE: Some fixed format documents may look disfigured when
# "LINKS_ARE_NUMBERED" or "LINKS_AND_FORM_FIELDS_ARE_NUMBERED" are
# enabled.
keypad_mode=LINKS_AND_FIELDS_ARE_NUMBERED
# lineedit_mode specifies the key binding used for inputting strings in
# prompts and forms. If lineedit_mode is set to "Default Binding" then
# the following control characters are used for moving and deleting:
# Prev Next Enter = Accept input
# Move char: <- -> ^G = Cancel input
# Move word: ^P ^N ^U = Erase line
# Delete char: ^H ^R ^A = Beginning of line
# Delete word: ^B ^F ^E = End of line
# Current lineedit modes are:
# Bash-like Bindings
# Default Binding
# Alternate Bindings
lineedit_mode=Default Binding
# The following allow you to define sub-bookmark files and descriptions.
# The format is multi_bookmark<capital_letter>=<filename>,<description>
# Up to 26 bookmark files (for the English capital letters) are allowed.
# We start with "multi_bookmarkB" since 'A' is the default (see above).
multi_bookmarkB=
multi_bookmarkC=
multi_bookmarkD=
multi_bookmarkE=
multi_bookmarkF=
multi_bookmarkG=
multi_bookmarkH=
multi_bookmarkI=
multi_bookmarkJ=
multi_bookmarkK=
multi_bookmarkL=
multi_bookmarkM=
multi_bookmarkN=
multi_bookmarkO=
multi_bookmarkP=
multi_bookmarkQ=
multi_bookmarkR=
multi_bookmarkS=
multi_bookmarkT=
multi_bookmarkU=
multi_bookmarkV=
multi_bookmarkW=
multi_bookmarkX=
multi_bookmarkY=
multi_bookmarkZ=
# personal_mail_address specifies your personal mail address. The
# address will be sent during HTTP file transfers for authorization and
# logging purposes, and for mailed comments.
# If you do not want this information given out, set the NO_FROM_HEADER
# to TRUE in lynx.cfg, or use the -nofrom command line switch. You also
# could leave this field blank, but then you won't have it included in
# your mailed comments.
personal_mail_address=aldo@braillespeak.com
# preferred_charset specifies the character set in MIME notation (e.g.,
# ISO-8859-2, ISO-8859-5) which Lynx will indicate you prefer in requests
# to http servers using an Accept-Charset header. The value should NOT
# include ISO-8859-1 or US-ASCII, since those values are always assumed
# by default. May be a comma-separated list.
# If a file in that character set is available, the server will send it.
# If no Accept-Charset header is present, the default is that any
# character set is acceptable. If an Accept-Charset header is present,
# and if the server cannot send a response which is acceptable
# according to the Accept-Charset header, then the server SHOULD send
# an error response, though the sending of an unacceptable response
# is also allowed.
preferred_charset=
# preferred_language specifies the language in MIME notation (e.g., en,
# fr, may be a comma-separated list in decreasing preference)
# which Lynx will indicate you prefer in requests to http servers.
# If a file in that language is available, the server will send it.
# Otherwise, the server will send the file in it's default language.
preferred_language=en
# select_popups specifies whether the OPTIONs in a SELECT block which
# lacks a MULTIPLE attribute are presented as a vertical list of radio
# buttons or via a popup menu. Note that if the MULTIPLE attribute is
# present in the SELECT start tag, Lynx always will create a vertical list
# of checkboxes for the OPTIONs. A value of "on" will set popup menus
# as the default while a value of "off" will set use of radio boxes.
# The default can be overridden via the -popup command line toggle.
select_popups=on
# show_color specifies how to set the color mode at startup. A value of
# "never" will force color mode off (treat the terminal as monochrome)
# at startup even if the terminal appears to be color capable. A value of
# "always" will force color mode on even if the terminal appears to be
# monochrome, if this is supported by the library used to build lynx.
# A value of "default" will yield the behavior of assuming
# a monochrome terminal unless color capability is inferred at startup
# based on the terminal type, or the -color command line switch is used, or
# the COLORTERM environment variable is set. The default behavior always is
# used in anonymous accounts or if the "option_save" restriction is set.
# The effect of the saved value can be overridden via
# the -color and -nocolor command line switches.
# The mode set at startup can be changed via the "show color" option in
# the 'o'ptions menu. If the option settings are saved, the "on" and
# "off" "show color" settings will be treated as "default".
show_color=always
# show_cursor specifies whether to 'hide' the cursor to the right (and
# bottom, if possible) of the screen, or to place it to the left of the
# current link in documents, or current option in select popup windows.
# Positioning the cursor to the left of the current link or option is
# helpful for speech or braille interfaces, and when the terminal is
# one which does not distinguish the current link based on highlighting
# or color. A value of "on" will set positioning to the left as the
# default while a value of "off" will set 'hiding' of the cursor.
# The default can be overridden via the -show_cursor command line toggle.
show_cursor=on
# show_dotfiles specifies that the directory listing should include
# "hidden" (dot) files/directories. If set "on", this will be
# honored only if enabled via userdefs.h and/or lynx.cfg, and not
# restricted via a command line switch. If display of hidden files
# is disabled, creation of such files via Lynx also is disabled.
show_dotfiles=off
# If sub_bookmarks is not turned "off", and multiple bookmarks have
# been defined (see below), then all bookmark operations will first
# prompt the user to select an active sub-bookmark file. If the default
# Lynx bookmark_file is defined (see above), it will be used as the
# default selection. When this option is set to "advanced", and the
# user mode is advanced, the 'v'iew bookmark command will invoke a
# statusline prompt instead of the menu seen in novice and intermediate
# user modes. When this option is set to "standard", the menu will be
# presented regardless of user mode.
sub_bookmarks=OFF
# user_mode specifies the users level of knowledge with Lynx. The
# default is "NOVICE" which displays two extra lines of help at the
# bottom of the screen to aid the user in learning the basic Lynx
# commands. Set user_mode to "INTERMEDIATE" to turn off the extra info.
# Use "ADVANCED" to see the URL of the currently selected link at the
# bottom of the screen.
user_mode=ADVANCED
# If verbose_images is "on", lynx will print the name of the image
# source file in place of [INLINE], [LINK] or [IMAGE]
# See also VERBOSE_IMAGES in lynx.cfg
verbose_images=on
# If vi_keys is set to "on", then the normal VI movement keys:
# j = down k = up
# h = left l = right
# will be enabled. These keys are only lower case.
# Capital 'H', 'J' and 'K will still activate help, jump shortcuts,
# and the keymap display, respectively.
vi_keys=on
# The visited_links setting controls how Lynx organizes the information
# in the Visited Links Page.
visited_links=LAST_REVERSED
exemple de fichier .muttrc et .signature
13. J'en fais de même avec les fichiers .muttrc et .signature qui seront
utilisés par le lecteur de mail Mutt.
Le fichier ~/.muttrc peut ressembler à ceci:
# Uncomment the apropriate line(s) if you want to give a charset+locale
# parameter:
#set charset="iso-8859-1"
#set charset="iso-8859-15"
#set locale="fr_BE"
#set locale="fr_BE_europe"
#set locale="nl_BE"
#...other...
# Comment/uncomment if you want to see the cursor arrow near the E-mail number
# (default is here uncommented, since this is blindfriendly for braille
# display users):
set arrow_cursor
# Uncomment if you want to enable mime forwarding:
#set mime_forward
# Choose a sort method (default is mailbox-order):
#set sort=date-sent
#set sort=date-received
#set sort=from
set sort=mailbox-order
#set sort=score
#set sort=subject
#set sort=threads
#set sort=to
#set sort=reverse-date-sent
#set sort=reverse-date-received
#set sort=reverse-mailbox-order
# Add/select the default text-editor (joe is currently enabled):
set editor=joe
#set editor=nano
#set editor=pico
#set editor=vi
#set editor=vim
# Ignore/unignore/header parameters, basic model:
#ignore * # this means "ignore all lines by default"
#unignore from: subject to date
#hdr_order Date From: Subject: To:
# Ignore/unignore/header parameters, extended (default) model 1:
ignore * # this means "ignore all lines by default"
unignore from date subject to
cc
reply-to
user-agent
x-mailer
x-url
x-newsreader:
x-listname
hdr_order From Date: From: To: Cc: Subject: X-url:
#hdr_order Date: From: To: Subject: X-url:
# Ignore/unignore/header parameters, extended model 2:
#ignore * # this means "ignore all lines by default"
#unignore from date subject to cc reply-to mail-followup-to
# delivered-to
# organization organisation user-agent
# x-mailer x-url x-newsreader: x-listname
#hdr_order From Date: From: To: Cc: Subject: X-url:
# Your default signature file is ~/.signature:
set signature="~/.signature"
# Sleep time before continuing...:
#set sleep_time=3
Le fichier ~/.signature est un simple fichier texte. Par exemple:
--
==Osvaldo La Rosa==-==http://www.brlspeak.net/==-==GNU/Linux? 2B FREE==
No individual should be discriminated against on the basis of
disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services,
facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of
public accommodation (American Disability Act - 42. U.S.C. 12182[a])
mises à jour, lilo/grub, kernel, loadlin
14. Pour bien faire, je devrais maintenant:
mettre à jour
1- mettre la distrib à jour par un
apt-get update 'enter'
apt-get upgrade 'enter'
ou
apt-get -u dist-upgrade 'enter'
apt-get clean 'enter' (une fois que tout est OK), ainsi que
mandb 'enter'
updatedb 'enter'
reset 'enter'
ajouter grub ou lilo
2- installer et configurer Lilo ou Grub.
Pour Grub, j'utilise le menu.lst suivant:
default 0
timeout 10
color cyan/blue white/blue
title --> Debian GNU/Linux hdd1 (galactic) 2.4.18 .
root (hd1,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-586tsc root=/dev/hdd1 hdc=ide-scsi hdb=ide-scsi vga=normal ro no-scroll
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.4.18-586tsc
boot
title --> Debian GNU/Linux testing hdd5 (protheus) 2.4.20
root (hd1,4)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20-3-586tsc root=/dev/hdd5 hdc=ide-scsi hdb=ide-scsi vga=normal ro no-scroll
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.4.20-3-586tsc
boot
title --> Debian GNU/Linux old Woody hda4 (darkstar)
root (hd0,3)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-586tsc root=/dev/hda4 hdc=ide-scsi hdb=ide-scsi vga=normal ro no-scroll
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.4.18-586tsc
boot
title --> Window$ / DOS
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1
Pour installer la config de démarrage pour 2/3/+ OS suivant ma config Grub,
je fais:
mkdir /boot/grub 'enter'
cp chemin/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst 'enter'
grub-install /dev/hda 'enter'
Important: si vous souhaitez mettre dans la config de Grub le nouveau kernel
plutôt que le kernel actuel, effectuez alors d'abord le point "c)" et après
seulement le point "b)"; en fait, cela a peu d'importance, du moment que vos
informations reprises dans /boot/grub/menu.lst correspondent à la situation
réelle (le bon kernel, le bon path boot, l'initrd, etc).
Alternativement, si c'est plutôt Lilo que vous souhaitez utiliser, voici Ã
quoi pourrait ressembler le fichier /etc/lilo.conf:
# Generated by liloconfig
# Specifies the boot device
boot=/dev/hda
# Specifies the device that should be mounted as root.
# If the special name CURRENT is used, the root device is set to the
# device on which the root file system is currently mounted. If the root
# has been changed with -r , the respective device is used. If the
# variable ROOT is omitted, the root device setting contained in the
# kernel image is used. It can be changed with the rdev program.
root=/dev/hda4
# Enables map compaction:
# Tries to merge read requests for adjacent sectors into a single
# read request. This drastically reduces load time and keeps the map
# smaller. Using COMPACT is especially recommended when booting from a
# floppy disk.
# compact
# Install the specified file as the new boot sector.
# If INSTALL is omitted, /boot/boot.b is used as the default.
install=/boot/boot.b
# Specifies the number of _tenths_ of a second LILO should
# wait before booting the first image. LILO
# doesn't wait if DELAY is omitted or if DELAY is set to zero.
delay=20
# Specifies the location of the map file. If MAP is
# omitted, a file /boot/map is used.
map=/boot/map
# Specifies the VGA text mode that should be selected when
# booting. The following values are recognized (case is ignored):
# NORMAL select normal 80x25 text mode.
# EXTENDED select 80x50 text mode. The word EXTENDED can be
# abbreviated to EXT.
# ASK stop and ask for user input (at boot time).
# <number> use the corresponding text mode. A list of available modes
# can be obtained by booting with vga=ask and pressing [Enter].
vga=normal
prompt
# Any timeout? Put it here:
timeout=50
image=/vmlinuz initrd=/initrd.img
label=Linux
append="no-scroll hdc=ide-scsi hdb=ide-scsi"
read-only
image=/vmlinuz.old
label=OldLinux
read-only
# If you have another OS on this machine (say DOS),
# you can boot if by uncommenting the following lines
# (Of course, change /dev/hda2 to wherever your DOS partition is.)
# other=/dev/hda2
# label=dos
other=/dev/hda1
label=Dos
Pour installer cette config, on tape simplement la commande lilo 'enter'
Ici, Lilo était utilisé sur une distribution installée sur hda4, et
permettait de booter une Debian courante, la même mais avec l'ancien kernel,
ou DOS/Windows. Si vous voulez combiner plusieurs systèmes sur plusieurs
et/ou sur le même disque, utilisez alors plutôt Grub.
kernel
3- mettre à jour le kernel
Pour ce faire:
apt-cache search kernel-image-2.4 |more 'enter' puis, lorsque j'ai trouvé
celui qui me convient:
apt-get install kernel-image-2.4.??-etc 'enter'
Si vous souhaitez plutôt migrer vers un kernel 2.6, faites par exemple:
apt-get install kernel-image-2.6-8-2-386 'enter'
loadlin
4- si vous souhaitez pouvoir démarrer GNU/Linux à partir d'une partition FAT
contenant DOS, FreeDOS ou Win9x, je vous conseillerais de faire ce qui suit:
mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/dos_c 'enter'
mkdir /mnt/dos_c/debian 'enter'
cp -p /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.<tab> /mnt/dos_c/debian/vmlinuz 'enter'
cp -p /boot/initrd.<tab> /mnt/dos_c/debian/initrd.img 'enter'
Rapatriez maintenant loadlin.exe et copiez-le également dans
/mnt/dos_c/debian
Enfin, créez un fichier /mnt/dos_c/debian/boot.bat contenant une ligne
ressemblant à ceci:
loadlin vmlinuz root=/dev/hdd1 initrd=initrd.img no-scroll hdc=ide-scsi
(ici, la partition root est sur hdd1, le no-scroll est utilisé pour une
barrette braille hardware, et l'ide-scsi est utilisé pour l'appareil
branché sur hdc).
Note:
- FreeDOS est une distribution DOS entièrement LIBRE
- Loadlin peut être installé à partir de Debian, par un simple:
apt-get install loadlin 'enter' puis en recopiant loadlin.exe vers la partition FAT ou disquette cible.
Assurez-vous de bien avoir rapatrié loadlin_1.6c.really1.6c-1_i386.deb: cette version est capable de booter un kernel 2.6.
apt/aptitude: liste de paquets, sources.list
15. Enfin, en prenant le temps, on installe les applications souhaitées,
soit via Apt soit via Aptitude.
Pour la facilité, je fais:
aptitude 'enter'
Je fais 'enter' sur Not installed,
j'utilise "+" pour marquer l'application que je souhaite sélectionner,
puis j'appuie sur "g": je lis la liste des paquets + dépendances qui vont
être installées,
je réappuie sur "g" et le téléchargement commence.
En annexe [1], je vous propose ma liste d'applications jugées utiles ou
indispensables; à vous de compléter/de retirer des noms.
Pour télécharger à partir d'Internet, Apt ou Aptitude se basent sur les URLs
"deb" présentes dans le fichier /etc/apt/sources.list. Ce fichier peut
ressembler à ceci:
deb http://ftp.belnet.be/packages/debian/ stable main non-free contrib
deb-src http://ftp.belnet.be/packages/debian/ stable main non-free contrib
deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free
deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free
#deb http://ftp.skynet.be/ftp/debian/ stable main non-free contrib
#deb-src http://ftp.skynet.be/ftp/debian/ stable main non-free contrib
#deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free
Si vous souhaitez télécharger des AVI, ou encore écouter la radio en ligne
via un "multimedia player", ajoutez alors l'URL deb suivante à votre
/etc/apt/sources.list:
deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ stable main
Si vous souhaitez tester Screader + Mbrdico et Mbrola, ajoutez alors au
fichier /etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://brlspeak.net/dev/debian/ stable main non-free
deb-src http://brlspeak.net/dev/debian/ stable main non-free
Un dernier bon conseil pour la route:
le debconf apparaît parfois suite à l'installation de paquets: c'est normal,
je vous conseille simplement de lire attentivement, et si vous ne comprenez
pas, prenez alors toujours l'option qui vous est proposée; en effet, les
personnes qui ont conçu Debian ainsi que l'installeur ou le debconf, sont
des personnes pleines de bon sens, aussi, leur faire confiance est très
souvent la seule bonne piste à suivre.
Bonne installation!
annexe
[1] Annexe: liste d'applications Deb intéressantes/utiles/fun
(distrib = Woody)
Soit je lance aptitude 'enter'
soit je fais:
apt-get install abook alien antiword aumix axel beep bitchx bplay catdoc
cdda2wav cdparanoia cdrecord cdtool countrycodes debootstrap deborphan
doc-linux-fr doc-linux-html doc-linux-nl-html dog dosfstools ditty efax
eject festvox-kallpc16k flip freeamp-extras grep-dctrl grepmail hdparm
host lftp lha linklint links-ssl lynx-ssl manpages-fr manpages-nl
memtest86 mkisofs mkrboot mp3blaster mp3burn mpg123 mpg321 nmap ntpdate
parted pstotext rar saydate saytime screen talk talkd tcpdump
timidity-patches toolame traceroute ttyrec txt2html unarj unhtml unrar
unrtf unzip urlview vim vrms w3m-ssl wav2cdr wget whichman wp2x wv
xpdf-utils zip
Voici ce à quoi ressemble la liste des paquets installés après que j'aie
effectué l'apt-get install suivant le schéma ci-dessus :
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Installed/Config-files/Unpacked/Failed-config/Half-installed
|/ Err?=(none)/Hold/Reinst-required/X=both-problems (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Description
+++-=======================================-=======================================-==============================================================================================
ii abook 0.4.16-1 A text-based ncurses address book application.
ii adduser 3.47 Add and remove users and groups
ii alien 8.05 install non-native packages with dpkg
ii antiword 0.32-2 Converts MS Word files to text and ps
ii apt 0.5.4 Advanced front-end for dpkg
ii apt-utils 0.5.4 APT utility programs
ii aptitude 0.2.11.1-2 curses-based apt frontend
ii ash 0.3.8-37 NetBSD /bin/sh
ii at 3.1.8-11 Delayed job execution and batch processing
ii aumix 2.7-18 Simple text-based mixer control program
ii autoconf 2.53-2 automatic configure script builder
ii autoconf2.13 2.13-43 automatic configure script builder (obsolete version)
ii automake 1.4-p4-1.1 A tool for generating GNU Standards-compliant Makefiles.
ii autoproject 0.15.1-2 create a skeleton source package for a new program
ii autotools-dev 20020320.1 Update infrastructure for config.{guess,sub} files
ii axel 1.0a-1 A light download accelerator - Console version
ii base-config 1.33.18 Debian base configuration package
ii base-files 3.0.2 Debian base system miscellaneous files
ii base-passwd 3.4.1 Debian Base System Password/Group Files
ii bash 2.05a-11 The GNU Bourne Again SHell
ii bc 1.06-8 The GNU bc arbitrary precision calculator language
ii beep 1.2.2-2.woody1 Advanced pc-speaker beeper
ii biff 0.17.pre20000412-1 a mail notification tool
ii bin86 0.16.0-2 16-bit assembler and loader
ii binutils 2.12.90.0.1-4 The GNU assembler, linker and binary utilities.
ii bison 1.35-3 A parser generator that is compatible with YACC.
ii bitchx 1.0-0c19-1.1 Advanced Internet Relay Chat client
ii bplay 0.991-5 Buffered audio file player/recorder
ii bsdmainutils 5.20020211-4.99 More utilities from FreeBSD.
ii bsdutils 2.11n-4 Basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite.
ii bzip2 1.0.2-1 A high-quality block-sorting file compressor - utilities
ii c2man 2.41-14 Graham Stoney's mechanized man page generator
ii catdoc 0.91.5-1 MS-Word to TeX or plain text converter
ii cdda2wav 1.10-7 Creates WAV files from audio CDs
ii cdparanoia 3a9.8-6 An audio extraction tool for sampling CDs.
ii cdrecord 1.10-7 A command line CD/DVD writing tool
ii cdtool 2.1.5-4.1 some text-based commands for managing a CD
ii cflow 2.0-15 C function call hierarchy analyzer
ii console-common 0.7.14 Basic infrastructure for text console configuration
ii console-data 1999.08.29-24 Keymaps, fonts, charset maps, fallback tables for console-tools
ii console-tools 0.2.3-23.3 Linux console and font utilities.
ii console-tools-libs 0.2.3-23.3 Shared libraries for Linux console and font manipulation.
ii countrycodes 1.0.3-4 ISO 3166 country code finder
ii cpio 2.4.2-39 GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files.
ii cpp 2.95.4-14 The GNU C preprocessor.
ii cpp-2.95 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU C preprocessor.
ii cpp-3.0 3.0.4-7 The GNU C preprocessor.
ii cramfsprogs 1.1-3 Tools for CramFs (Compressed ROM File System).
ii cron 3.0pl1-72 management of regular background processing
ii cutils 1.6-2 C source code utilities
ii cxref 1.5c-9 Generates latex and HTML documentation for C programs.
ii dc 1.06-8 The GNU dc arbitrary precision reverse-polish calculator
ii debconf 1.0.32 Debian configuration management system
ii debconf-utils 1.0.32 debconf utilities
ii debhelper 4.0.2 helper programs for debian/rules
ii debianutils 1.16 Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian.
ii debootstrap 0.1.17 Bootstrap a basic Debian system
ii deborphan 1.0-3 Find orphaned libraries.
ii defoma 0.11.0 Debian Font Manager -- automatic font configuration framework.
ii dhcp-client 2.0pl5-11 DHCP Client
ii dialog 0.9a-20020309a-1 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts
ii diff 2.7-29 File comparison utilities
ii ditty 0.2-1 Allows you to play melodies from your built-in speaker
ii dnsutils 9.2.1-2.woody.1 Clients provided with BIND
ii doc-debian 3.0 Debian Project documentation, Debian FAQ and other documents
ii doc-linux-fr 2001.09-1 Linux docs in french : HOWTO, MetaFAQ ...
ii doc-linux-html 2002.04-2 Linux HOWTOs, mini-HOWTOs, and FAQs in HTML format
ii doc-linux-nl-html 20011220-1 Dutch Linux HOWTOs, mini-HOWTOs, and FAQs in HTML format
ii doc-linux-text 2002.04-2 Linux HOWTOs, mini-HOWTOs, and FAQs in ASCII format
ii dog 1.7-3.1 Enhanced replacement for cat
ii dosfstools 2.8-1 Utilities to create and check MS-DOS FAT filesystems
ii dpkg 1.9.21 Package maintenance system for Debian
ii dpkg-dev 1.9.21 Package building tools for Debian
ii e2fsprogs 1.27-2 The EXT2 file system utilities and libraries.
ii ed 0.2-19 The classic unix line editor
ii efax 0.9a-9 Programs to send and receive fax messages.
ii eject 2.0.3-1 ejects CDs and operates CD-Changers under Linux
ii esound-common 0.2.23-3 Enlightened Sound Daemon - Common files
ii exim 3.35-1 An MTA (Mail Transport Agent)
ii exim-doc-html 3.20-1 Exim MTA html documentation
ii fdutils 5.3-7 Linux floppy utilities
ii festival 1.4.2-2.1 speech synthesis system
ii festlex-cmu 1.4.0-1 CMU dictionary in Festival form
ii festlex-poslex 1.4.0-1 Part of speech lexicons and ngram from English.
ii festvox-kallpc16k 1.4.0-1 American English male speaker for festival, 16khz sample rate
ii fetchmail 5.9.11-6.2 POP3, APOP, IMAP mail gatherer/forwarder (crypto-crippled binary)
ii fetchmail-common 5.9.11-6.2 POP3, APOP, IMAP mail gatherer/forwarder (common files)
ii file 3.37-3.1.woody.1 Determines file type using "magic" numbers
ii fileutils 4.1-10 GNU file management utilities
ii findutils 4.1.7-2 utilities for finding files--find, xargs, and locate
ii finger 0.17-6 User information lookup program.
ii flex 2.5.4a-24 A fast lexical analyzer generator.
ii flip 1.19-2 convert text file line endings between Unix and DOS formats
ii freeamp 2.1.1.0-4 Extensible, cross-platform audio player
ii freeamp-extras 2.1.1.0-4 Additional ncurses and command line user interfaces
ii ftp 0.17-9 The FTP client.
ii g++ 2.95.4-14 The GNU C++ compiler.
ii g++-2.95 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU C++ compiler.
ii gcc 2.95.4-14 The GNU C compiler.
ii gcc-2.95 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU C compiler.
ii gcc-3.0 3.0.4-7 The GNU C compiler.
ii gcc-3.0-base 3.0.4-7 The GNU Compiler Collection (base package).
ii gdb 5.2.cvs20020401-6 The GNU Debugger
ii gettext 0.10.40-5 GNU Internationalization utilities
ii gettext-base 0.10.40-5 GNU Internationalization utilities for the base system
ii gettext-el 0.10.40-5 Emacs po-mode for editing .po files.
ii gnupg 1.0.6-3 GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement.
ii gnupg-doc 2000.10.01-1 GNU privacy guard documentation.
ii grep 2.4.2-3 GNU grep, egrep and fgrep.
ii grep-dctrl 1.9 Grep Debian package information
ii grepmail 4.70-1 search mailboxes for mail matching an expression
ii groff-base 1.17.2-15.woody.1 GNU troff text-formatting system (base system components)
ii grub 0.91-2 GRand Unified Bootloader
ii gs 6.53-3 The Ghostscript Postscript interpreter
ii gs-common 0.3.3.0woody1 Common files for different Ghostscript releases
ii gsfonts 6.0-2 Fonts for the ghostscript interpreter
ii gzip 1.3.2-3woody1 The GNU compression utility.
ii hdparm 4.5-1.2 Tune hard disk parameters for high performance.
ii host 20000331-3 Utility for Querying DNS Servers
ii hostname 2.09 A utility to set/show the host name or domain name
ii html2text 1.3.0.1-1 An advanced HTML to text converter.
ii iamerican 3.1.20-21.1 An American English dictionary for ispell.
ii ibritish 3.1.20-21.1 A British English dictionary for ispell.
ii ifupdown 0.6.4-4 High level tools to configure network interfaces
ii indent 2.2.7-2 C language source code formatting program
ii info 4.1-2 Standalone GNU Info documentation browser
ii initrd-tools 0.1.32woody.3 Tools to generate an initrd image.
ii ipchains 1.3.10-15 Network firewalling for Linux 2.2.x
ii ipmasqadm 0.4.2-2 Utility for configuring extra masquerading functionality
ii iptables 1.2.6a-5 IP packet filter administration tools for 2.4.4+ kernels
ii ispell 3.1.20-21.1 International Ispell (an interactive spelling corrector)
ii joe 2.8-20 user friendly full screen text editor
ii kernel-image-2.4.18-586tsc 2.4.18-5 Linux kernel image for version 2.4.18 on Pentium-Classic.
ii klogd 1.4.1-10 Kernel Logging Daemon
ii less 374-4 A file pager program, similar to more(1)
ii lesstif1 0.93.18-4 OSF/Motif implementation released under LGPL.
ii lftp 2.4.9-1 Sophisticated command-line FTP/HTTP client programs
ii lha 1.14i-2 lzh archiver
ii libao2 0.8.2-1 Cross Platform Audio Output Library
ii libasound1 0.5.10b-1 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (libraries)
ii libaudiofile0 0.2.3-4 The Audiofile Library
ii libbz2-1.0 1.0.2-1 A high-quality block-sorting file compressor library - runtime
ii libc6 2.2.5-11.5 GNU C Library: Shared libraries and Timezone data
ii libc6-dev 2.2.5-11.5 GNU C Library: Development Libraries and Header Files.
ii libcap1 1.10-12 support for getting/setting POSIX.1e capabilities
ii libcdparanoia0 3a9.8-6 Shared libraries for cdparanoia (runtime lib)
ii libcurl2 7.9.5-1 Multi-protocol file transfer library. (no SSL support)
ii libdb2 2.7.7.0-7 The Berkeley database routines (run-time files).
ii libdb3 3.2.9-16 Berkeley v3 Database Libraries [runtime]
ii libdigest-md5-perl 2.13-2 MD5 Message Digest for Perl
ii libdns5 9.2.1-2.woody.1 DNS Shared Library used by BIND
ii libesd0 0.2.23-3 Enlightened Sound Daemon - Shared libraries
ii libestools1.2 1.2.2-2 Edinburgh Speech Tools Library
ii libexpat1 1.95.2-6 XML parsing C library - runtime library
ii libfreetype6 2.0.9-1 FreeType 2 font engine, shared library files.
ii libgc6 6.0+6.1alpha4-3 Conservative garbage collector for C
ii libgcc1 3.0.4-7 GCC support library.
ii libgdbmg1 1.7.3-27 GNU dbm database routines (runtime version). [libc6 version]
ii libgdk-pixbuf2 0.17.0-2 The GdkPixBuf library.
ii libgimpprint1 4.2.0-4 library necessary to use gimp-print programs
ii libglib1.2 1.2.10-4 The GLib library of C routines
ii libgpmg1 1.19.6-12 General Purpose Mouse Library [libc6]
ii libgtk1.2 1.2.10-11 The GIMP Toolkit set of widgets for X
ii libgtk1.2-common 1.2.10-11 Common files for the GTK+ library
ii libid3tag0 0.14.2b-3 ID3 tag reading library from the MAD project
ii libident 0.22-2 simple RFC1413 client library - runtime
ii libinline-perl 0.43-3 Write Perl subroutines in other programming languages
ii libisc4 9.2.1-2.woody.1 ISC Shared Library used by BIND
ii libjpeg62 6b-5 The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG runtime library
ii libldap2 2.0.23-6.3 OpenLDAP libraries.
ii liblockfile1 1.03 NFS-safe locking library, includes dotlockfile program
ii liblua40 4.0-4 Main interpreter library for the Lua programming language
ii liblualib40 4.0-4 Extension library for the Lua programming language
ii liblwres1 9.2.1-2.woody.1 Lightweight Resolver Library used by BIND
ii libmad0 0.14.2b-3 MPEG audio decoder library
ii libmp3-info-perl 0.91-1 Perl MP3::Info - Manipulate / fetch info from MP3 audio files.
ii libmusicbrainz1 1.0.1.final-2 Second generation incarnation of the CD Index - library
ii libncurses5 5.2.20020112a-7 Shared libraries for terminal handling
ii libnewt0 0.50.17-9.6 Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode windowing with slang
ii libnss-db 2.2-6 DB Name Service Module
ii libogg0 1.0rc3-1 Ogg Bitstream Library
ii libpam-modules 0.72-35 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM
ii libpam-runtime 0.72-35 Runtime support for the PAM library
ii libpam0g 0.72-35 Pluggable Authentication Modules library
ii libpaperg 1.1.8 Library for handling paper characteristics
ii libparse-recdescent-perl 1.80-2 Generates recursive-descent parsers in Perl
ii libparted1.4 1.4.24-4 The GNU Parted disk partitioning library, shared libraries.
ii libpcap0 0.6.2-2 System interface for user-level packet capture.
ii libpcre3 3.4-1.1 Philip Hazel's Perl Compatible Regular Expression library
ii libperl5.6 5.6.1-8.2 Shared Perl library.
ii libpng2 1.0.12-3.woody.3 PNG library - runtime
ii libpopt0 1.6.2-7 lib for parsing cmdline parameters
ii libreadline4 4.2a-5 GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries.
ii librpm4 4.0.3-4 RPM shared library
ii libsasl7 1.5.27-3 Authentication abstraction library.
ii libsidplay1 1.36.47-2.2 SID (MOS 6581) emulation library
ii libsigc++0 1.0.4-3 Type-safe Signal Framework for C++ - runtime
ii libssl0.9.6 0.9.6c-2.woody.3 SSL shared libraries
ii libstdc++2.10-dev 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU stdc++ library (development files)
ii libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2 2.95.4-11woody1 The GNU stdc++ library
ii libstdc++3 3.0.4-7 The GNU stdc++ library version 3
ii libtiff3g 3.5.5-6 Tag Image File Format library
ii libtimedate-perl 1.11-1 Time and date functions for perl.
ii libtool 1.4.2-4 Generic library support script
ii libttf2 1.4pre.20011029-1 FreeType 1, The FREE TrueType Font Engine, shared library files.
ii libvorbis0 1.0rc3-1 The Vorbis General Audio Compression Codec
ii libwmf0.2-2 0.2.2-4 Windows metafile conversion library.
ii libwrap0 7.6-9 Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library
ii libxaw6 4.1.0-16 X Athena widget set library (version 6)
ii lilo 22.2-3 LInux LOader - The Classic OS loader can load Linux and others
ii linklint 2.3.4-1 Fast link checker and web site maintenance tool
ii links-ssl 0.96.20020409-2 Character mode WWW browser with SSL
ii liwc 1.7-1.1 Tools for manipulating C source code
ii locales 2.2.5-11.5 GNU C Library: National Language (locale) data [support]
ii login 20000902-12 System login tools
ii logrotate 3.5.9-8 Log rotation utility
ii lpr 2000.05.07-4.3 BSD lpr/lpd line printer spooling system
ii lsof 4.57-1 List open files.
ii ltrace 0.3.26 Tracks runtime library calls in dynamically linked programs
rc lynx 2.8.4.1b-3.2 Text-mode WWW Browser
ii lynx-ssl 2.8.4.1b-3.1 Text-mode WWW Browser supporting SSL
ii m4 1.4-14 a macro processing language
ii mailx 8.1.2-0.20020411cvs-1 A simple mail user agent.
ii make 3.79.1-14 The GNU version of the "make" utility.
ii makedev 2.3.1-58 Creates device files in /dev.
ii man-db 2.3.20-18 The on-line manual pager
ii manpages 1.39-1.1 Man pages about using a Linux system.
ii manpages-dev 1.39-1.1 Linux-development man pages.
ii manpages-fr 0.9.3-1 French version of the manual pages.
ii manpages-nl 0.13.3-1 Dutch manpages
ii mawk 1.3.3-8 a pattern scanning and text processing language
ii mbr 1.1.5-1 Master Boot Record for IBM-PC compatible computers.
ii memtest86 2.9-1 A thorough real-mode memory tester.
ii mime-support 3.18-1.3 MIME files 'mime.types' & 'mailcap', and support programs
ii mkisofs 1.10-7 Creates ISO-9660 CD-ROM filesystem images.
ii mkrboot 0.91 Make a kernel + rootimage bootable from one disk or from DOS
ii modconf 0.2.43 Device Driver Configuration
ii modutils 2.4.15-1 Linux module utilities.
ii mount 2.11n-4 Tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems.
ii mp3blaster 3.1.1-1 Full-screen console mp3 and ogg vorbis player
ii mp3burn 0.02-7 burn audio CDs directly from MP3s or Ogg Vorbis files
ii mpack 1.5-7woody2 Tools for encoding/decoding MIME messages.
ii mpg123 0.59r-13 MPEG layer 1/2/3 audio player
ii mpg321 0.2.10.1 A Free command-line mp3 player, compatible with mpg123
ii mtools 3.9.8-7 Tools for manipulating MSDOS files
ii mtr-tiny 0.48-1 Full screen ncurses traceroute tool
ii mutt 1.3.28-2.2 Text-based mailreader supporting MIME, GPG, PGP and threading.
ii nano 1.0.6-2 free Pico clone with some new features
ii ncurses-base 5.2.20020112a-7 Descriptions of common terminal types
ii ncurses-bin 5.2.20020112a-7 Terminal-related programs and man pages
ii ncurses-term 5.2.20020112a-7 Additional terminal type definitions
ii net-tools 1.60-4 The NET-3 networking toolkit
ii netbase 4.07 Basic TCP/IP networking system
ii netkit-inetd 0.10-9 The Internet Superserver
ii netkit-ping 0.10-9 The ping utility from netkit
ii nfs-common 1.0-2woody1 NFS support files common to client and server
ii nfs-kernel-server 1.0-2woody1 Kernel NFS server support
ii nmap 2.54.31.BETA-1 The Network Mapper
ii ntpdate 4.1.0-8 The ntpdate client for setting system time from NTP servers.
ii nvi 1.79-20 4.4BSD re-implementation of vi.
ii parted 1.4.24-4 The GNU Parted disk partition resizing program
ii passwd 20000902-12 Change and administer password and group data.
ii patch 2.5.4-11 Apply a diff file to an original
ii pciutils 2.1.9-4 Linux PCI Utilities (for 2.[1234].x kernels)
ii perl 5.6.1-8.2 Larry Wall's Practical Extraction and Report Language.
ii perl-base 5.6.1-8.2 The Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister.
ii perl-modules 5.6.1-8.2 Core Perl modules.
ii pidentd 3.0.12-4 TCP/IP IDENT protocol server.
ii portmap 5-2 The RPC portmapper
ii ppp 2.4.1.uus-4 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) daemon.
ii pppconfig 2.0.14 A text menu based utility for configuring ppp.
ii pppoe 3.3-1.1 PPP over Ethernet driver
ii pppoeconf 0.9.10.6 configures PPPoE/ADSL
ii procmail 3.22-4 Versatile e-mail processor.
ii procps 2.0.7-8 The /proc file system utilities.
ii psmisc 20.2-2.1 Utilities that use the proc filesystem
ii pstotext 1.8g-5 Extract text from PostScript and PDF files.
ii python 2.1.3-3.2 An interactive object-oriented scripting language (default version)
ii python-newt 0.50.17-9.6 A newt module for Python.
ii python2.1 2.1.3-3.2 An interactive object-oriented scripting language (version 2.1)
ii rar 2.80-2 Archiver for .rar files
ii rcs 5.7-13 The GNU Revision Control System
ii reportbug 1.50 Reports bugs in the Debian distribution.
ii rpm 4.0.3-4 Red Hat Package Manager
ii saydate 0.3.0-8 speaks the current date through your sound card
ii saytime 1.0-14 speaks the current time through your sound card
ii screen 3.9.11-5 A terminal multiplexor with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation.
ii sed 3.02-8 The GNU sed stream editor.
ii setserial 2.17-24 Controls configuration of serial ports.
ii sgml-base 1.14 utilities to maintain the SGML catalog file
ii sharutils 4.2.1-9 shar, unshar, uuencode, uudecode
ii shellutils 2.0.11-11 The GNU shell programming utilities.
ii slang1 1.4.4-7.2 The S-Lang programming library - runtime version.
ii sox 12.17.3-3 A universal sound sample translator.
ii ssh 3.4p1-1 Secure rlogin/rsh/rcp replacement (OpenSSH)
ii stl-manual 3.30-4 C++-STL documentation in HTML
ii strace 4.4-1.2 A system call tracer.
ii sysklogd 1.4.1-10 System Logging Daemon
ii syslinux 1.66-1 Bootloader for Linux/i386 using MS-DOS floppies
ii sysvinit 2.84-2woody1 System-V like init.
ii talk 0.17-5 Talk to another user.
ii talkd 0.17-5 Remote user communication server.
ii tar 1.13.25-2 GNU tar
ii tasksel 1.18 Tool for selecting tasks for installation on Debian system
ii tcpd 7.6-9 Wietse Venema's TCP wrapper utilities
ii tcpdump 3.6.2-2.4 A powerful tool for network monitoring and data acquisition
ii tcsh 6.11.00-2.1 TENEX C Shell, an enhanced version of Berkeley csh.
ii telnet 0.17-18 The telnet client.
ii texinfo 4.1-2 Documentation system for on-line information and printed output
ii textutils 2.0-12 The GNU text file processing utilities.
ii time 1.7-11 The GNU time command.
ii timidity 2.10.4-2.2 Software-only MIDI sequencer.
ii timidity-patches 0.1-5 Instrument files for software-only MIDI sequencer.
ii toolame 02h-3 MPEG-1 layer 2 audio encoder
ii traceroute 1.4a12-9 Traces the route taken by packets over a TCP/IP network.
ii ttyrec 1.0.5-1 A tty recorder
ii txt2html 1.28-5 Text to HTML converter.
ii unarj 2.43-3 arj unarchive utility
ii unhtml 2.3.3 Removing the markup tags from a HTML file
ii unrar 2.71-1 Unarchiver for .rar files
ii unrtf 0.18.1-2 RTF to other formats converter
ii unzip 5.50-1woody1 De-archiver for .zip files
ii urlview 0.9-2.1 Extracts URLs from text
ii util-linux 2.11n-4 Miscellaneous system utilities.
ii vacation 3.2.3 email autoresponder
ii vim 6.1.018-1 Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
ii vorbis-tools 1.0rc3-1 Several Ogg Vorbis Tools
ii vrms 1.7 Virtual Richard M. Stallman
ii w3m 0.3-2.4 WWW browsable pager with excellent tables/frames support
ii w3m-ssl 0.3-2.4 WWW browsable pager with SSL support
ii wav2cdr 2.3.3-2 Converts wav files into CD-ROM audio file format.
ii wenglish 2.0-2 English dictionary words for /usr/share/dict
ii wget 1.8.1-6.1 retrieves files from the web
ii whichman 2.0-2 Fault tolerant search utilities: whichman, ftff, ftwhich.
ii whiptail 0.50.17-9.6 Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts.
ii whois 4.5.25 The GNU whois client
ii wp2x 2.5-mhi-3 WordPerfect 5.x to whatever converter
ii wv 0.7.1+rvt-2 Convert and preview Microsoft Word documents.
ii xfree86-common 4.1.0-16 X Window System (XFree86) infrastructure
ii xlibs 4.1.0-16 X Window System client libraries
ii xpdf-common 1.00-3.1 Portable Document Format (PDF) suite -- common files
ii xpdf-utils 1.00-3.1 Portable Document Format (PDF) suite -- utilities
ii zip 2.30-5 Archiver for .zip files
ii zlib1g 1.1.4-1 compression library - runtime
Total:
349
Note:
- Attention, il faut savoir que certaines applications font partie d'un paquet; exemple: Pdftotext, qui fonctionne en ligne de commande, fait partie du paquet xpdf-utils. De même, Ogg123 fait partie de Vorbis-tools.
- Notez aussi que l'installation de Lynx-ssl retire le Lynx non-ssl en Woody, le marquage "rc" à gauche de Lynx indique que le paquet est "removed" mais que la "configfile" est conservée.
- La commande à effectuer pour lire la liste de paquets deb installés peut être:
dpkg --list |more 'enter' ou
- La liste de packages que je vous ai proposée peut être écourtée, par exemple si vous n'avez absolument pas besoin de doc fr ou nl, ou de doc tout court, ou de certains utilitaires; elle peut aussi être rallongée, par exemple en y ajoutant emacs, emacspeak, erc et les autres applications qui sont disponibles pour Emacs; ou encore, on peut rallonger la liste grâce aux innombrables applications téléchargeables sur le net (Gnuchess, Cdrdao, ...), ou grâce aux backport-URLs Debian.
- Si vous souhaitez aussi essayer d'autres éditeurs qui ne sont pas repris dans ma liste, n'hésitez pas, l'offre est plus qu'abondante :
apt-get install aee e3 ee jed jove le levee ne vile zed zile
- Allez également faire un tour sur:
http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/debian/pool/main
O. La Rosa - 14-07-2003 - Public - rev. 21-11-2005.
EduDebiaffinage
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